Basically education in Indonesia has existed since time immemorial before the entry of Hindu civilization, Buddhism, Islam, and the State both the Dutch and the Japanese invaders. It is characterized by the education given by parents to their children, which is reflected in the actions / behavior of the Indonesian people are very friendly and polite to anyone. Although there is no formal structure but a process of education that is directly given by parents to their children emerge from the framework enormous mindset influenced by the environment and the problems being faced. Hence arises an ethic that became the nation's heritage.
The development of Hinduism in Indonesia is very rapidly becoming one of the patterns that affect the existence of Indonesia in the Global. It is characterized by the presence of historical relics which have strong historical value. Relic it has also become one of the proof that the education has implemented a system that began predictably neat. Judging from the inscription, Yupa, as well as books that read Pallawa letter indicates that the children at that time were required to learn the letters Pallawa. Although it is entitled to an education is among the Brahmin and Vaishya alone, whereas the Shudra is not allowed to be a disciple. Other evidence, during the reign of grants, there have been books on philosophy, literature, and law which proves the existence of the great teachers who are generally of the brahmins.
The development of Buddhism also became one of the patterns that greatly enrich the cultural diversity in Indonesia. One of the most famous legacy is the temple of Borobudur (Magelang, Central Java). Development of Education in this era began to appear during the Srivijaya kingdom. Two famous teacher at that time was Darmapala and Nalanda. In Year 685M, I Tsing, a Buddhist from China to translate 100 books into Chinese Buddhism. Since this is the development of Buddhism in Indonesia is very rapid.
The development of Islam in Indonesia is very fast, because his teachings are very striking against our nature as human beings. This is evidenced by the Islamic kingdoms that developed without interruption from Ocean Pasai, Aceh, Demak, Goa-Tallo, Ternate, Tidore, and many others. Education at this time originally appeared as a sideline while trading. However, as the development of science and technology then began many boarding school founded in order to accommodate students-students who want to learn Islam more deeply.
At the Government / Dutch colonization of education is divided into four sections, namely: low education, secondary education, vocational education, and higher education. The purpose of education at this time is to meet the needs of Netherlands is the availability of cheap labor for colonial hegemony and to disseminate the culture of weight.
At the Government / Japanese Occupation, the Indonesian education system changed much. Some schools are integrated because of the abolition of the education system based on nation or social strata. The language of instruction in schools using Indonesian. The purpose of education here is produced free of harsh labor and for the purposes of the Japanese soldiers.
At the time of independence to the present Education in Indonesia has experienced several changes such as:
- In the years 1945-1950, Education in Indonesia is divided into four levels, namely:
- Low education (SR) for 6 years.
- General Secondary Education consisting of Junior High School (SMP) and High School (SMA), respectively for 3 years.
- Vocational Education:
- The first level consists of vocational: First Economic School (SMEP), School of Engineering (ST), School of Engineering First (STP), First Skill School (SKP), School Teacher B (SGB), Emergency School for Learning Obligation (KPKPKB).
- Vocational secondary level consists of: Secondary Technical School (STM), Upper Secondary School of Economics (SMEA), School of Community Education (SPM), Justice of Upper Secondary School (SMKA), School Teacher A (SGA), School Teachers Kindergarten (SGTK), School Teacher Skill Princess (SGKP), School of Physical Education Teachers (SGPJ).
- College consists of the university, conservatory / Karawitan, Course B-1, and ASRI.
- In 1950-1975, Education in Indonesia is divided into 5 levels, namely:
- Pre-school education is kindergarten.
- Basic Education (SD) for 6 years.
- General Secondary Education consisting of Junior High School (SMP) and High School (SMA), respectively for 3 years.
- Vocational Education:
- The first level consists of vocational: First Economic School (SMEP), School of Engineering (ST), School of Engineering First (STP), First Skill School (SKP), School Teacher B (SGB), Emergency School for Learning Obligation (KPKPKB).
- Vocational secondary level consists of: Secondary Technical School (STM), Upper Secondary School of Economics (SMEA), School of Community Education (SPM), Justice of Upper Secondary School (SMKA), School Teacher A (SGA), School Teachers Kindergarten (SGTK), School Teacher Skill Princess (SGKP), School of Physical Education Teachers (SGPJ).
- Higher Education consists of University, Institute, High School, and the Academy.
- In 1978-present, education in Indonesia is divided into 5 levels, namely:
- Pre-school education is Early Childhood Education (ECD) and Kindergarten (TK).
- Basic Education.
- High School, Junior High School (JSS), and high school (high school / high school).
- Vocational Secondary Education:
- First level: ST, SKKP
- Upper Level: SMK
- Higher Education consists of University, Institute, Colleges, Academy, Diploma and Polytechnic.
source:
1.-pendidikan.htm http://www.anneahira.com/sejarah
2.-am.blogspot.com/2013/05/makalah http://di concise-history-of-education-di.html
